In this work aspects of the Engineering and interpretative outlines in the way were analyzed like this transforms the reality to satisfy necessities of the technological society. The utilized representations were inspected to describe or to change parcels of reality, where the possible solutions reach their existence in an ideal plane that anticipates the behavior and use possibilities, without consuming materials or energy. The efficient use of those representations, based on the abstractions of the Science and its systemic methods, is a competition of the experienced engineers that build ideal models which work satisfactorily in the real plane. To train future professionals in this competition, one should know the way of carrying out this task. The Cognitive Psychology has made taxes to the knowledge of the representations what they are and how its registrations work. It was also found that in the teaching of the Engineering of the present University in Argentina a professional conception prevails that it imparts formation directed to the immediate entrance in the labor circuit while there are sectors of the educational politics that impel a formation ingenieril with prevalence of basic scientific knowledge and the systemic methodologies, before the technological, given knowledge its quick obsolescence. This means a transformation that prioritizes basic and systemic knowledge before those of specific technologies. In this work a general systemic metod was developed to work with representations in Engineering, with an example of the resistance of materials, the construction of the pattern and its transformation was analyzed, the restrictions and conditions of prospective validity. This work allows to develop competitions, in the use of the modelizaciones and simulations in Engineering, starting from the tipificación of the use and transformation of semiótics registrations. As conclusion the use of the proposed method is presented in an application, where you can appreciate the interrelations among the use, the restrictions and the validity by means of a calculation of the error made for certain cases and that strategies are used in engineering to overcome this inconvenience generated by the restrictions imposed when simplifying the representations of the real systems.

El propósito de este trabajo es exponer esquemas interpretativos del modo como la ingeniería utiliza las representaciones para describir y cambiar parcelas de realidad. El uso eficiente de las representaciones, está basado en las abstracciones de la Ciencia y sus métodos sistémicos y la Psicología Cognitiva que ha efectuado importantes contribuciones al conocimiento de las representaciones y sus registros. En este trabajo se desarrolla un método sistémico general que se propone para el trabajo con representaciones en Ingeniería usando un ejemplo simple de la resistencia de materiales, su transformación y las restricciones y condiciones de validez. También se puede apreciar las interrelaciones entre el uso, las restricciones y la validez de las formulas básicas a través de un calculo del error cometido para determinados casos con las estrategias usadas en ingeniería para superar el inconveniente generado por las restricciones impuestas al construir el modelo. Como se salvan estas restricciones mediante el factor de seguridad, que integra el conjunto de incertidumbres que afectan al sistema semiótico y permite ampliar su validez a un campo práctico de aplicaciones. Este trabajo pondera el desarrollo de competencias para el uso de las modelizaciones y simulaciones en Ingeniería, a partir de la tipificación del uso y transformación de registros semióticos.

cab@frm.utn.edu.ar